Churn



0. 11111 15 UHURN Patented 001. 13, 1891.

(No Model.)

U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CAMDEN MEARS, OF BLOOMSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

CHURN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 461,247, dated October13, 1891.

Application filed une 20, 1890. Eerial No. 356,050. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CAMDEN MEARs, a citizen of the United States,residing at Bloomsburg, in the county of Columbia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful ImprovemeutsinChurns, of which the following is a full and complete description,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which illustratemyinvention and form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is aperspective View of the churn. Fig. 2 is a central verticallongitudinal section. Fig. 3 is a transverse. section through the cover,and Fig.4. is a modified form of dasher-blade.

The objects of the invention are to provide a churn easy of operationand capable of being operated with the least expenditure of force,either physical or mechanical, one in which the churning operation canbe completed in the shortest possible time, and one in which the maximumamount of butter can be produced from a given quantity of cream.

A designates the body of the churn, which, as shown in the drawings, hasthe external shape of a rectangular box with a removable cover a.Journaled in the ends of the box is a revoluble shaft 0, centrallydisposed, one of the journals of which project, through the end for theapplication of power thereto to rotate the shaft.

D D designate arms or spokes, which extend from the shaft at rightangles and preferably in the same radial plane. Upon the outer ends ofthe arms or spokes D are secured dasher-blades EE. These blades are madein the shape of sectors of a flat ring, their width being such as togive the required action, and are set upon the armsD at an angle to theaxis of the shaft C,,after the manner of the blades of apropeller. Thenthe shaft is rotated, the blades will agitate the contents of the churnand will throw the same toward the end, or in the direction of the lineof the shaft.

In order to give the greatestalnount of agitation to the contents of thechurn a doublecurved plate F, having an inner concavity concentric withthe shaft, is placed in the end of the churn. The cream is thrownagainst this plate by the blades E, and is deflected by the curvedsurface and thrown back into the path of the blades to be churned over.Thus the greatest amount of agitation is given the cream, with thecorresponding result that the churning operation is completed and butterproduced in shortest time, whereby a saving of both time and labor iseffected. \Vhen the churning operation is completed, the cover a isremoved and the contents taken out and treated in the usual manner.

Instead of making the blades E as shown in Fig. 2 they may be made inthe. shape shown in Fig. 4, with the arms D formed integrally therewithor permanently attached thereto. In this case the arms may be removablyset into the shaft for convenience in washing and cleansing the churn.

The shaft 0 may be driven in any convenient manner, as by theapplication of steam or animal power through belting or gearing or byhand through a crank (in the journal. As a means for rotating it at ahigh rate of speed I show a'small gear-wheel H on the journal of theshaft, which gear is in mesh with an internal gear I, mounted on aspindle 2', projecting out from the body of the churn, the gear I beingprovided with a crank-arm j, by which it is adapted to be turned byhand.

In order to avoid as much as possible sharp corners in the interior ofthe churn, I preferably concave the inner surface of the top, bottom,and sides, as represented in Fig. 3, which shows a section of theremovable cover. This gives the interior approximately a cylindricalshape, whereby the cream is more closely confined and held within thereach of the blades at all points.

Having now described my invention, what I claim is- The combination,with the body of the churn, of a rotatable shaft therein, journaled inthe ends and provided with radial arms or spokes carrying blades ordashers set at an angle to the axis of the shaft, the inner face of oneend of the churn-body having an annular concavity concentric with theshaft, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

CAMDEN MEARS.

\Vitnesses:

B. FRANK ZARR,

G. M. QUICK.

